Outline of Iran
The Islamic Republic of Iran, known as Persia until 1935, is a sovereign country located in Southwest Asia and the Middle East.[1] Iran is bound by the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south and the Caspian Sea to its north. Shi'a Islam is the official religion, and Persian is the official language.[2] The 18th largest country in the world in terms of area at 1,648,195 square kilometres (636,372 sq mi), Iran has a population of over seventy million. Iran borders Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan and Pakistan to the east, and Turkey and Iraq to the west. Being a littoral state of the Caspian sea (an internal sea and condominium), also Kazakhstan and Russia are Iran's direct neighbours.
Iran is home to one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations, with historical and urban settlements dating back to 4000 BC.[3][4][5] Throughout history, Iran has been of geostrategic importance because of its central location in Eurasia and is a regional power.[6][7] The political system of Iran, based on the 1979 Constitution, comprises several intricately connected governing bodies. The highest state authority is the Supreme Leader, currently Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.
Iran has an important position in international energy security and world economy as a result of its large reserves of petroleum and natural gas. The name Iran is a cognate of Aryan, and means "Land of the Aryans".[8][9][10] "Land of Sun" (سرزمين مهر) is used as an alternative name for Iran in Persian literature and Iranian media.[11][12]
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Iran:
Please be reminded that many of the red-linked articles might exist already with slightly different titles.
General reference
- Pronunciation:
- Common English country name: Iran, archaic Persia
- Official English country name: The Islamic Republic of Iran
- Common endonym(s):
- Official endonym(s):
- Adjectival(s): Iranian
- Demonym(s):
- Etymology: Name of Iran
- International rankings of Iran
- ISO country codes: IR, IRN, 364
- ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:IR
- Internet country code top-level domain: .ir
Geography of Iran
Main article: Geography of Iran
- Iran is: a country
- Location:
- Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere
- Eurasia
- Time zone: Iran Standard Time UTC+03:30, Iran Daylight Time UTC+04:30
- Extreme points of Iran
- High: Damavand 5,610 m (18,406 ft)
- Low: Caspian Sea −28 m (−92 ft)
- Land boundaries: 5,440 km
-
- Iraq 1,458 km
- Turkmenistan 992 km
- Afghanistan 936 km
- Pakistan 909 km
- Azerbaijan 611 km
- Turkey 499 km
- Armenia 35 km
- Coastline: 2,440 km[13]
- Population of Iran: 70,049,262 people (2006 estimate) - 17th most populous country
- Area of Iran: 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi) - 18th largest country
- Atlas of Iran
Environment of Iran
Main article: Environment of Iran
- Climate of Iran
- Environmental issues in Iran
- Ecoregions in Iran
- Renewable energy in Iran
- Geology of Iran
- Protected areas of Iran
- Wildlife of Iran
- Flora of Iran
- Fauna of Iran
Natural geographic features of Iran
- Glaciers of Iran: None
- Islands of Iran
- Lakes of Iran
- Mountains of Iran
- Rivers of Iran
- Waterfalls of Iran
- Valleys of Iran
- List of World Heritage Sites in Iran
Regions of Iran
Ecoregions of Iran
- Main article: Ecoregions in Iran
Administrative divisions of Iran
- Main article: Administrative divisions of Iran
- Provinces of Iran
- Counties of Iran
- Municipalities of Iran
- Counties of Iran
Provinces of Iran
Main article: Provinces of Iran
Counties of Iran
Main article: Counties of Iran
Municipalities of Iran
Demography of Iran
- Main article: Demographics of Iran
Government and politics of Iran
- Main article: Government of Iran and Politics of Iran
- Form of government: Islamic republic
- Capital of Iran: Tehran
- Elections in Iran
- (specific elections)
- Political parties in Iran
- Political scandals of Iran
- Taxation in Iran
Branches of the government of Iran
Main article: Government of Iran
Executive branch of the government of Iran
- Assembly of Experts
- Elects the Supreme Leader
- Has the constitutional authority to remove the Supreme Leader from power at any time
- Supervises the Supreme Leader in the performance of legal duties
- Head of state: Supreme Leader of Iran, Ali Khamenei
- Head of government: President of Iran, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
- Vice President of Iran - anyone appointed by the President to lead an organization related to Presidential affairs. There are currently 10 Vice Presidents in Iran:
- First Vice President, Parviz Dawoodi
- Vice President and Head of Atomic Energy Organization, Gholam Reza Aghazadeh
- Vice President and Head of Environmental Protection Organization, Fatemeh Javadi
- Vice President and Head of Management and Planning Organization, Farhad Rahbar
- Vice President for Executive Affairs, Ali Saeedlou
- Vice President and Head of National Sports Organization, Mohammad Aliabadi
- Vice President for Legal and Parliamentary Affairs, Ahmad Mousavi
- Vice President and Head of Martyrs and Veterans Affairs Foundation, Hossein Dehghan
- Vice President and Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization Chief, Esfandyar Rahim Moshaei
- Vice President and Head of Youth National Organization, Mohammad Javad Ali Akbari
- Council of Ministers of Iran
- Minister of Agricultural Jihad, Mohammad Reza Eskandari
- Minister of Commerce, Masoud Mirkazemi
- Minister of Communication and Information Technology, Mohammad Soleimani
- Minister of Cooperatives, Mohammad Abbasi
- Minister of Culture and Islamic Guidance, Mohammad Hossein Saffar Harandi
- Minister of Defense and Logistics, Mostafa Mohammad-Najjar
- Minister of Economy and Finance Affairs, Davoud Danesh-Jafari
- Minister of Education, Mahmoud Farshidi
- Minister of Energy, Parviz Fattah
- Minister of Foreign Affairs, Manouchehr Mottaki
- Minister of Health and Medical Education, Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Minister of Housing and Urban Development, Mohammad Saeedikia
- Minister of Industries and Mines Supervisor, Ali Akbar Mehrabian
- Minister of Intelligence and National Security, Gholam Hossein Mohseni-Ejehei
- Minister of Interior, Mostafa Pour Mohammadi
- Minister of Justice, Gholamhossein Elham
- Minister of Labour and Social Affairs, Mohammad Jahromi
- Minister of Petroleum, Gholamhossein Nozari
- Minister of Roads and Transportation, Mohammad Rahmati
- Minister of Science, Research, and Technology, Mohammad Mehdi Zahedi
- Minister of Welfare and Social Security, Abdolhossein Mesri
Legislative branch of the government of Iran
- Majlis of Iran (unicameral parliament)
- drafts legislation
- ratifies international treaties
- approves the national budget
- Guardian Council
- 12 members
- 6 appointed by the Supreme Leader
- 6 elected by the Majlis
- Powers and responsibilities:
- Supervises elections
- Approves or rejects candidates for President, Majlis, and the Assembly of Experts
- Reviews all bills passed by the Majlis for constitutionality and compatibility with Islamic law, and approves or vetos them
- 12 members
- Expediency Discernment Council
- Appointed by Supreme Leader
- Main purpose is to mediate disputes between the Majlis and the Council of Guardians
- Also serves as an advisory board to the Supreme Leader
Judicial branch of the government of Iran
Main article: Judicial system of Iran
- Supreme Court of Iran
- Special Clerical Court - for trying Muslim clerics, and accountable only to the Supreme Leader
Foreign relations of Iran
Main article: Foreign relations of Iran
International organization membership
Main article: International organization membership of Iran
The Islamic Republic of Iran is a member of:[1]
Law and order in Iran
- Main article: Law of Iran
- Capital punishment in Iran
- Constitution of Iran
- Crime in Iran
- Human rights in the Imperial State of Iran (1925–1979)
- Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran (1979–present)
- Law enforcement in Iran
Military of Iran
- Main article: Military of Iran
- Command
- Defense industry of Iran
- Forces (Iran has two armies)
- Army of Iran
- Navy of Iran
- Air Force of Iran
- Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution
- Basij Resistance Force (paramilitary force. Compare with National Guard)
- Iran and weapons of mass destruction
- Military history of Iran
- Military ranks of Iran
Local government in Iran
History of Iran
- Main article: History of Iran, Timeline of the history of Iran, and Current events of Iran
|
|
- Iran hostage crisis
- History of fundamentalist Islam in Iran
- Military history of Iran
- Timeline of the Iranian Islamic revolution
- Chahar-Ai-Ne (Persian چهاﺮآﻳنه )
- Plated mail
History of Iran, by period
Pre-Islam Iranian history
- Palaeolithic Era in Iran
- Archaeological sites in Iran
- Tappeh Sialk
- Jiroft culture
- Shahr-i Sokhta
- Elam
- Mannaeans
- Aratta
- Aratti theory
- Aryan
- Andronovo Culture
- Indo-Iranians
- Iran naming convention
- List of ancient Persians
- List of kings of Persia
- Parthia
- Persian war elephants
- Median Empire
- Achaemenid Empire
Post-Islam Iranian history
- Islamicization in Iran
- Islamic Conquest of Iran
- Barmakids
- Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907
- Treaty of Gulistan
- Treaty of Akhal
- The Great Game
- Treaty of Turkmenchay
Pahlavi and contemporary history of Iran
- Constitutionalist movement of Gilan
- List of Prime Ministers of Iran
- Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
- Persian Constitutional Revolution
- Persian Corridor
- White Revolution
- Human rights in the Imperial State of Iran (1925–1979)
- Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran (1979–present)
- Iran–Iraq War
- United States support for Iraq during the Iran–Iraq war
- United States support for Iran during the Iran–Iraq war
- 1988 Massacre of Iranian Prisoners
- Ahvaz Bombings
History of Iran, by subject
- History of science in Persia
- Military history of Iran
- Prime Minister of Iran
- Persianization
- Persian mythology
- Iranian continent
- Iranian Kurdistan
- Iranian peoples
- Iranology
- Islamic Cultural Revolution
- University of Chicago's Persian heritage crisis
- Islam in Iran
- Islamicization in Iran
- Turko-Persian tradition
- Kayanian dynasty
Culture of Iran
- Main article: Culture of Iran
- Architecture of Iran
- Cuisine of Iran
- Ethnic minorities in Iran
- Festivals in Iran
- Humor in Iran
- Languages of Iran
- Media in Iran
- National symbols of Iran
- People of Iran
- Prostitution in Iran
- Public holidays in Iran
- Records of Iran
- Religion in Iran
- Buddhism in Iran
- Christianity in Iran
- Hinduism in Iran
- Islam in Iran
- Judaism in Iran
- Sikhism in Iran
- List of World Heritage Sites in Iran
Art in Iran
- Art in Iran
- Cinema of Iran
- Literature of Iran
- Music of Iran
- Television in Iran
- Theatre in Iran
Sports in Iran
- Main article: Sports in Iran
Economy and infrastructure of Iran
- Main article: Economy of Iran
- Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 29th (twenty-ninth)
- Agriculture in Iran
- Banking in Iran
- Communications in Iran
- Companies of Iran
- Currency of Iran: Rial
- ISO 4217: IRR
- Economic history of Iran
- Energy policy of Iran
- Health care in Iran
- Industry of Iran
- Mining in Iran
- Petroleum industry in Iran
- Tehran Stock Exchange
- Tourism in Iran
- Transport in Iran
- Urban plans in Iran
- Water supply and sanitation in Iran
Education in Iran
- Main article: Education in Iran
See also
Main article: Iran
- Index of Iran-related articles
- International rankings of Iran
- List of international rankings
- List of Iran-related topics
- Member state of the United Nations
- Outline of Asia
- Outline of geography
References
- ^ a b "Iran". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. July 15, 2009. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ir.html. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
- ^ "قانون اساسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران" (in Persian). http://fa.wikisource.org/wiki/قانون_اساسی_جمهوری_اسلامی_ایران. Retrieved 23 January 2008.
- ^ Xinhua, "New evidence: modern civilization began in Iran", 10 August 2007, retrieved 1 October 2007
- ^ Iran Daily, "Panorama", 3 March 2007, retrieved 1 October 2007 Archived January 24, 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Iranian.ws, "Archaeologists: Modern civilization began in Iran based on new evidence", 12 August 2007, retrieved 1 October 2007
- ^ parliament.uk, "Select Committee on Foreign Affairs, Eighth Report, Iran, retrieved 1 October 2007
- ^ IRAN @ 2000 and Beyond lecture series, opening address, W. Herbert Hunt, 18 May 2000, retrieved 1 October 2007
- ^ hinduwebsite.com, "The Concepts of Hinduism — Arya", retrieved 1 October 2007
- ^ imp.lss.wisc.edu, "Iranian Languages", Political, Social, Scientific, Literary & Artistic (Monthly) October 2000, No. 171, Dr. Suzan Kaviri, pp. 26–7, retrieved 1 October 2007 Archived July 12, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Iran — The Ancient Name of Iran", N.S. Gill, retrieved 1 October 2007
- ^ http://www.chtn.ir/newsShow.aspx?ID=23455 retrieved 23 January 2008
- ^ Ali Akbar Sadeghi, Iran the Land of Love ISBN 964 Goya Publishing Company published:1994
- ^ Iran also borders the Caspian Sea, a remnant of the ancient Paratethys Sea.
External links
- The President of Iran
- Iran Electoral Archive
- The Majlis (Legislature) of Iran (Persian)
- Iran.ir
- Persian language (Persian)
- Wikimedia Atlas of Iran
- Outline of Iran travel guide from Wikitravel
- Outline of Iran at the Open Directory Project
- First Iranians: Reference Articles on Iran By Manouchehr Saadat Noury
- Iranian Innovations
- Faces of Iran: The World in One Nation (a sequence of still photographs, showing the richness of the ethnic and religious diversity of the people of Iran), YouTube.
- Rageh Inside Iran, a BBC Four production, 17 February 2007, Google (1 h 30 min).
- Farhad Nabipour, From Persia to Iran, Part I, AMIR Productions, 4 November 2006 (slide show accompanied with Pink Floyd and Persian music — 28 min 8 sec), Google. Highly recommended!
- Farhad Nabipour, From Persia to Iran, Part II, AMIR Productions, 10 November 2006 (slide show accompanied with Pink Floyd and Persian music — 21 min 46 sec), Google.
- Some Iranian folk-songs sung by Shusha Guppy in the 1970s:
Silver Gun (from Shiraz), Wheat Flower (a harvest song), The Rain (from the Gilan Province), The Stars in Heaven (from Shiraz), On Top of the Hill (from Shiraz), The Silken Handkerchief (from the Fars Province), Darling Leila (from the Gilan Province), I Have Come to Ravish My Heart (from the Lorestan Province), The Lor Youth (a Bakhtiari-Tribe song), Lullaby (from Gorgan), Girl from Boyer-Ahmadi Tribe (from the Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province), My Beloved is Short (from the Fars Province), The Water Pipe, You Must Come to Me (from Mamasani County), Darling Dareyne (from the Mazandaran Province).
For further details see: Iranian. - Nir Rosen, Selling the War with Iran, The Washington Note, Thursday, May 1, 2008, [1].
- The Second International Festival of Peace Poetry, Iran, 16 May 2009: (English), (Persian).
|
|||||